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Chemistry

  • Closed jars filled with fermenting vegetables
    By Lan Luo

    5 Uses Of Fermentation

    Fermentation is a process you're probably familar wikth due to its associations with food. But it's a lot more ubiquitous than that, seeing use in many fields.

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  • Three flasks filled with yellow, orange, and purple solutions
    By Riti Gupta

    How To Convert Milligrams Per Liter To Molarity

    Concentrations are something that chemists need to know, but there are different ways to express that value clearly, depending on the circumstances.

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  • Erlenmeyer flask of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
    By Elias Nash

    How To Calculate The Normality Of NaOH

    In chemistry, normality is a way to represent the concentration of a solution. Luckily, calculating its value is a pretty straightforward thing to do.

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  • Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen chemical elements on periodic table
    By Rosann Kozlowski

    How To Calculate The Percent Abundance Of An Isotope

    A single element can have multiple different forms, called isotopes, and it's possible to determine the percent abundance of those forms. Here's how.

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  • Lab Experiment
    By Kevin Beck

    How To Calculate A Milliequivalent

    The concept of moles and equivalents, and thus millimoles and milliequivalents is of vital importance in medicine and clinical pharmacology.

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  • Flasks and beakers filled with water against blue background
    By Lipi Gupta

    How To Convert Ppm To Micrograms Per Cubic Meter

    Unit conversions are a helpful thing in many different parts of everyday life, and that's also true when it comes to measures of concentration.

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  • Flask with pink liquid and pH strip
    By Kevin Beck

    How To Calculate The Percentage Of Ionization Given The pH

    pH is a measure of the strength of an acid or base, but it's also indicative of the percentage of ionization. As such, you can calculate one from the other.

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  • Two flasks filled with yellow and blue liquid on a desk
    By Maria Kielmas

    How To Neutralize Muriatic Acid

    Muriatic acid is a dangerous substance that should be neutralized if accidentally spilled. Fortunately, there's a simple and safe way to do just that.

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  • Hand holding pH indicator strip over beaker filled with blue liquid
    By Claire Gillespie

    How To Calculate The PH Of NaOH

    While pH testing strips can be used to determine the strength of NaOH, it's also possible to calculate that value using little more than a simple process.

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  • Containers of red and blue litmus paper
    By Elias Nash

    What Is The Difference Between Blue & Red Litmus Paper?

    Litmus paper might be something that you've seen in a chemistry lab, but how does is actually work? And why are there two different colored versions?

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  • Close up of amethyst crystals on green background
    By Pearl Lewis

    How To Find Lattice Constant

    Crystals are fascinating and beautiful to many people for many reasons, but there's also quite a bit of science behind them, including the lattice constant.

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  • Beaker and test tubes with colored liquids in lab
    By Chris Deziel

    How To Convert pKa To Ka

    Ka is an important value when it comes to the strength of acids and bases, but sometimes, it can be unwieldy. That's where the conversion to kKa comes in.

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  • Close-up of an unlabeled reagent bottle in a laboratory
    By Tiffany Betts

    Eriochrome Black T Solution Preparation

    Used for dyeing and testing for metal ions, among others, preparing a solution of Eriochrome Black T is simple and has a variety of applications.

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  • Test tubes and flask filled with colorful liquids
    By Contributing Writer

    How To Calculate Solubilities

    Dissolving one substance in another is a common thing in chemistry, which means that calculating solubilities can be helpful. Here's how to go about that.

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  • Smoking blue liquid in flask
    By Jack Brubaker

    What Happens When You Put Dry Ice In Water?

    If you've seen bowls full of smoking liquid, then you might know something about the effects of dry ice in water, but what exactly is the science behind that?

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  • Bubbles rising in blue-tinted water
    By Tiffany Betts

    How To Make Negatively Charged Water

    In general, water is a neutrally charged molecule, but there are some ways to give it a negative charge. What's more, the process is a quick and easy one.

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  • Scientist inserting cuvette with pink liquid into spectrophotometer
    By Denielle Radcliff

    How To Use A Spectrophotometer

    Spectrophotometers are used to determine how much light a solution can absorb, indicating its concentration. Fortunately, the process isn't too complicated.

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  • Variables in a Science Experiment
    By Benjamin Twist

    Definitions Of Control, Constant, Independent And Dependent Variables In A Science Experiment

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  • Man driving a car
    By Lee Johnson

    How To Convert RPM To Radians

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  • skateboarding woman legs at sunrise street
    By Lee Johnson

    How To Calculate The Force Of Friction

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  • Offshore Jack Up Rig in The Middle of The Sea
    By John Papiewski

    How Many Neutrons Does Hydrogen Have?

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  • Focused mixed race woman wearing headphones watching webinar write notes
    By Kevin Beck

    How To Calculate Spring Force

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  • Students in class volunteering for teacher at front board (selective focus)
    By Kathryn White

    Partial Products: What Is A Partial Product In Fourth Grade Math?

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  • What is Chemical Energy?
    By Mary Lougee

    What Is Chemical Energy?

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  • Applying silicone with caulking gun
    By Meg Michelle

    What Is Urethane?

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  • By GAYLE TOWELL

    Heat (Physics): Definition, Formula & Examples

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  • ...
    By Usha Dadighat

    How To Find Parent Functions

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